They were so influential on Research Unix that Doug McIlroy later wrote, "The names of Ritchie and Thompson may safely be assumed to be attached to almost everything not otherwise attributed." Ritchie worked together with Ken Thompson, who is credited with writing the original version of Unix one of Ritchie's most important contributions to Unix was its porting to different machines and platforms. Ritchie is best known as the creator of the C programming language, one of the developers of the Unix operating system, and co-author of the book The C Programming Language he was the 'R' in K&R (a common reference to the book's authors Kernighan and Ritchie). Ritchie was also involved with the development of the Plan 9 and Inferno operating systems, and the programming language Limbo.Īs part of an AT&T restructuring in the mid-1990s, Ritchie was transferred to Lucent Technologies, where he retired in 2007 as head of System Software Research Department. Ritchie relates that, after discussions with the National Security Agency, the authors decided not to publish it, as they were told that the principle applied to machines still in use by foreign governments. ĭuring the 1970s, Ritchie collaborated with James Reeds and Robert Morris on a ciphertext-only attack on the M-209 US cipher machine that could solve messages of at least 2000–2500 letters. Later, B was replaced by C, created by Ritchie, who continued to contribute to the development of Unix and C for many years. To supplement assembly language with a system-level programming language, Thompson created B. In 1970, Brian Kernighan suggested the name " Unix", a pun on the name "Multics". Thompson then found an old PDP-7 machine and developed his own application programs and operating system from scratch, aided by Ritchie and others. ĭuring the 1960s, Ritchie and Ken Thompson worked on the Multics operating system at Bell Labs. In 2020, the Computer History Museum worked with Ritchie's family and Fischer's family and found a copy of the lost dissertation. However, Ritchie never officially received his PhD degree as he did not submit a bound copy of his dissertation to the Harvard library, a requirement for the degree. In 1968, he defended his PhD thesis on "Computational Complexity and Program Structure" at Harvard under the supervision of Patrick C. In 1967, Ritchie began working at the Bell Labs Computing Science Research Center. Career Ken Thompson (left) and Dennis Ritchie (right), in 1973 Version 7 Unix for the PDP-11, including Dennis Ritchie's home directory: /usr/dmr He graduated from Harvard University with degrees in physics and applied mathematics in 1963. As a child, Dennis moved with his family to Summit, New Jersey, where he graduated from Summit High School. Ritchie, a longtime Bell Labs scientist and co-author of The Design of Switching Circuits on switching circuit theory. He was the "R" in K&R C, and commonly known by his username dmr.ĭennis Ritchie was born in Bronxville, New York. Ritchie was the head of Lucent Technologies System Software Research Department when he retired in 2007. Ritchie and Thompson were awarded the Turing Award from the ACM in 1983, the Hamming Medal from the IEEE in 1990 and the National Medal of Technology from President Bill Clinton in 1999. He is best known for creating the C programming language and, with long-time colleague Ken Thompson, the Unix operating system and B programming language. October 12, 2011) was an American computer scientist. Computer History Museum Fellow (1997) ĭennis MacAlistair Ritchie (Septem– c.
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